Monday, May 28, 2012

Phonological Awareness: Part 1



How to Help Your Struggling Reader:
Phonological Awareness Activities
 Part 1: Sentences


Teaching Phonological Awareness is simple and fun!  All you need is a bit of language understanding and some creativity…then the sky will be the limit for you and your Struggling Reader.

Phonological Awareness is nothing more than the understanding of sounds in words without letters.  Many Struggling Readers have a difficult time separating our language into individual parts and this complicates learning to read and spell. 

Blending (the ability to put together sounds) and segmenting (the ability to pull sounds apart) is the foundation to all Phonological Awareness (PA) activates.

I have broken each PA activity into 4 levels for ease of teaching.  For this blog, I will cover activities for blending and segmenting sentences.  

Level 1 – Sentences
Concept – Understanding words in sentences.
Question - Can your child pull-apart sentences into separate words and put them back together?
Activity Materials - Use counters (beans, pennies or other small objects) and a bowl or bag.  Your child will place one counter into the bag for each word.

Segmenting Sample Sentences:
    The parent says, “The dog can run.”   Your child repeats the sentence and places one counter in the bag as they say each word.  “The” (one counter), “dog” (one counter), “can” (one counter), “run” (one counter).

   The parent says, “That flower is pretty.”  Your child repeats the sentence and places counter in the bag for each word.  “That” (one counter), “flower” (one counter), “is” (one counter), “pretty” (one counter).

Insight:  Many Struggling Readers will not understand that some words are made up of syllables and that “flower” is not two words, but one.  The second sentence example should have 4 counters placed in the bag…many Struggling Readers will place 6 counters.

This activity also practices listening skills and memory development.  The student must listen to the sentence, remember the sentence and repeat the sentence, then remember the words to “segment” the sentence.  As the sentences become longer and more complex, the skills are challenged.

Practice examples:
·       “My mom made a cake.” (5 counters)
·       “The blue truck is in the mud.”  (7 counters)
·       “His sweater is in the closet.” (6 counters)
·       “We went to the mountains yesterday.”  (6 counters)
·       “Grandma is coming for spaghetti dinner tonight.”  (7 counters)

Activity variations:
Instead of using counters and a bag try…
·       Marching around the room – each step represents a word.
·       Clapping hands (as seen in the picture) – each clap represents a word.
·       Jumping rope – each jump represents a word.
·       Moving army men or horses (any toy) across the floor or table to represent a word.
·       Your own creative way of teaching sentence segmentation.

Blending Sample Sentences:
Now try the opposite! 
     The parent says, “His………dog……….is………….lost.”  The child then blends the sentence together into,  “His dog is lost.”

Insight:
This activity may seem very simple, however many Struggling Readers have a difficult time holding the words in their memory and blending them together into an understandable sentence.  The longer the pauses between words…the more challenging this activity become and the more skills are required to be successful.  So….stretch those sentences out!

Practice examples:
·       The…bird…is…singing.
·        My…mom…is…very…helpful!
·       Can…you…play…with…the…truck?
·       On…the…table…is…a…blue…plate.
·       I…have…a…friend…at…school...named…Tim.

Have fun with your child…it is the most important part of learning!


Next Blog… Level 2 Phonological Awareness

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